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- ǐ WORLD, Page 25LIBERIAThe Marines to the Rescue
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- President Bush orders Leathernecks into Monrovia to bring out
- Americans endangered by an increasingly bloody civil war
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- As Washington pondered its eventual response to the Iraqi
- invasion of Kuwait, the U.S. was suddenly forced to make a move
- in another long-festering global trouble spot. Last Saturday
- night George Bush ordered U.S. Marines into the civil war-torn
- African nation of Liberia. Their job: to evacuate any of the
- 370 Americans residing there who wanted to get out. On Sunday
- a force of 225 Leathernecks from four U.S. warships off the
- Liberian coast landed by helicopter in the capital of Monrovia
- and quickly began rounding up U.S. citizens, many of whom had
- gathered at the American embassy and communications centers in
- the city. The Marines, some of whom carried M-60 machine guns
- and light antitank weapons, encountered no immediate resistance
- and suffered no casualties. By evening, local time, at least
- 60 Americans had been flown to safety aboard the U.S. ships.
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- Bush made the decision to deploy the Marines on Saturday
- while monitoring the Middle East situation during a working
- weekend at the presidential retreat in Camp David. The action,
- observed a White House official, "sends the same message that
- we sent when we went into Panama. When American lives and
- interests are at risk, this President will take military
- action." And while Bush's decision on Liberia was not linked to
- Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, it came at an opportune moment for
- demonstrating U.S. resolve to Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.
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- The rescue mission followed a threat on Saturday by Prince
- Johnson, the leader of one of two Liberian rebel groups, to
- arrest "all foreign nationals," beginning with American,
- British, Lebanese and Indian citizens. Johnson, whose troops
- occupy much of the capital and have besieged the mansion of
- President Samuel K. Doe, said he wanted the arrests "to create
- an international incident, so foreign troops can come in to
- intervene." The rebel leader may have thought that a foreign
- presence would help to topple Doe. At the White House Sunday
- morning, presidential press secretary Marlin Fitzwater made it
- clear the U.S. was not taking sides. The Marines' landing, he
- said, "does not indicate or constitute any intention on the
- part of the U.S. government to intervene militarily in the
- Liberian conflict."
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- Two months ago, when rebel forces appeared heading for
- victory over Doe, the U.S. warships steamed toward Liberia, a
- country founded by freed American slaves that traditionally has
- close ties to Washington. President Doe, a former army master
- sergeant who rose to power through a bloody coup in 1980, had
- become the object of growing popular resentment because of his
- regime's rampant corruption and arrogance. The conflict also
- centered on tribal antagonisms. What support Doe still claimed
- came from his Krahn tribe, while the rebels received support
- from the Gio and Mano peoples.
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- On July 29 the violence in Liberia escalated dramatically.
- In one of the worst massacres of the nine-month-old civil war,
- troops allegedly loyal to Doe opened fire on some 2,000
- refugees holed up in Monrovia's St. Peter's Lutheran Church.
- Firing with automatic weapons at point-blank range, the forces
- killed as many as 600. Survivors claimed that most of the
- victims were members of the Gio and Mano tribes. But the rebels
- are hardly a single unified front. Johnson's leadership is
- opposed by Charles Taylor, another insurgent, whose troops
- control parts of Monrovia.
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- Doe's chances for survival appear dismal at best. He is not
- a member of the American-Liberian elite that ruled the country
- from its inception in 1847. But he was originally hailed by the
- U.S., despite the violence that brought him to power, as a boon
- to democracy. Doe enjoyed financial backing from the U.S.,
- which maintains an important intelligence presence in Liberia,
- even after the leader turned out to be, in the words of a
- prominent Liberian exile, "a street hustler." Sadly, the
- official adds, "There's no evidence that the people coming in
- are better than those going out." Following last week's rescue
- effort, the standing U.S. offer to evacuate Doe to a third
- country remained open.
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- By William R. Doerner. With reporting by Michael Duffy and
- J.F.O. McAllister/Washington.
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